Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) most commonly affects children and prevents them from using their muscles properly. This happens because there is a communication gap between the spinal cord and the brain. The nerve cells don’t reach the brain on time. There are some early warning signs of spinal muscular atrophy that parents can look out for. These signs are mentioned as per the type of SMA that affects a person.

SMA Type 1
This is the most severe kind of disease. Parents can see signs as early as when the baby is only 6 months old. The baby may have a hard time sitting and may not be able to keep his head straight on his own. The child may not be able to use his limbs and they may look “floppy.” The baby may also have difficulty swallowing food. Most babies suffering from this type don’t live for more than 2 years as they suffer from breathing problems.

SMA Type 2
This type is first seen in children between the ages of 6 to 18 months. The symptoms for this type generally affect the legs more than they affect the arms and they can either be moderate or severe. In this type, children can sit by themselves but need help while walking or standing up. They cannot control the muscles in their legs. They also have breathing problems. Children with SMA Type 2 can live up to adolescence.

SMA Type 3
This type is also known as the Kugelberg-Welander disease and affects children between the ages of 2 to 17 years. Early signs may present themselves as problems in climbing steps, getting up from a chair, difficulty in running and shaking fingers. Generally, limbs from the waist down are more affected. This is the mildest type of SMA and later on, the child may need the help of a wheelchair in getting around. Generally, with this type, children can have a full life span.

SMA Type 4
This type of SMA begins when the person is an adult. Signs include muscle weakness, respiratory problems, and twitching, or ticking. Most affected limbs are the legs and upper arms. These symptoms stay for life but can be managed with regular exercise and care. However, Type 4 affects people very differently, so if one ever has the symptoms, they should consult their doctor.

Kennedy’s disease
The onset of this disease happens from the age of 15 years and it can be diagnosed as late as 60 years. Early signs may consist of weakness in the limbs, constant tiredness, and joint and muscle pain. These can in turn result in weakened facial, tongue, and jaw muscles. Generally, people suffering from this disease have slurred speech.

All parents should look out for these early warning signs of spinal muscular atrophy. If it diagnosed quickly, doctors and caretakers can make an effective plan of action.